Is it true that it's tradition in Spain to take the surnames of both the mother and the father?

each spanish male or female have one or two names choosen by parents ,then the first surname from father followed by first surname from the mother. So at least one name and two first surnames.

Yes. The mother's name is usually added after "y"- meaning "and". And the person when giving their name may just use their first name and father's last name. It's a good system, designed to give information on both families the person comes from, but it causes great confusion when people from Spanish speaking countries apply to universities in the US, or move to the US. Records get filed under one name or the other, and often not brought together. 

Yes it is true, like in many Latin countries

It's actually compulsory. 

(First Name(s)) (Father's surname) (Mother's surname). 

Many Latin American countries use this system as well. 

Recently they passed a law (in Spain) that allows people to switch the surnames order.

Bonus fun fact: married women do NOT lose their surnames. In other words, they don't become "Mrs. Dude" lol.  

Go Spain 🇪🇸 👍 🙂